Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract Groundwater is one of the sources used for drinking water.Nowdays, the amount of nitrate in most of the industrial effluents is outside the standard limit, and during the purification process, the efficiency of its removal should be carefully considered.Because, the infiltration of indaustrial wastewater into underground water, is unavoidable. In this study, it was conducted with the aim of investigating the health risk of nitrates present in the treatment of underground water extracted in the vicinity of one of the oil facilities located in the city of Tehran for reuse in a residential area. In order to assess the risk of purified water, the amount of nitrate output was sampled once every two weeks for a year and finally 25 samples were analyzed. The average measured nitrate concentration in the samples is equal to 3/63 mg/liter and the maximum measured concentration is equal to 7/134 mg/liter. Nitrate risk assessment method is selected based on EPA standard. The results showed that the level of non-cancerous risk in 84% of the samples for babies was above one (HQ ≥ 1) and consumption of this water can be dangerous for them. As a result, more sensitivity should be considered on the efficiency of nitrate removal in the treatment plant system.

Abstract In this research, the analysis of the technical views of experts and the management of construction projects in Tehran Municipality regarding the assessment of the risk of work accidents in the development, construction, and operation stages of construction projects, using the FMEA analytical approach in two fuzzy and non-fuzzy dimensions (CRISP) with twelve The index in the construction stage and six indicators in the operation stage were carefully evaluated and measured. Risks caused by the collapse of nearby buildings on workers, the collapse of buildings in demolition and reconstruction projects, which are mainly related to non-standard demolition operations, as well as the fall of people due to welding operations and falling from scaffolds, lifts, and cranes, as the most dangerous and most frequent occupational accidents in the industry. The buildings of this area were identified. Based on the analytical findings of this model, the average risk of occupational accidents in the construction industry reached 346 in the construction phase and 97 in the operation phase. The fuzzy equivalent values for risk prioritization in the construction and operation stages showed 355 and 129 numbers on average, respectively. Following the implementation of the correction suggestions, the risk values obtained for the construction phase in the non-fuzzy mode were reduced to 247 and in the fuzzy mode to 255. In contrast, the exploitation phase was reduced to 58 in the non-fuzzy mode and 84 in the fuzzy mode.

Abstract Abstract

Industrial areas due to the structural and functional contrast with the surrounding environment have always been at odds with their context. Industrial areas have significant impacts on the environmental quality of their context and also on their users’ physical and mental health. Due to the specific interactions of the refineries with their natural context, they are not exempt from the rules of industrial systems. The case study of this research is chosen due to the importance of oil and gas industry in Iran with addition to the extent of refinery’s distributions and with the purpose of improvements in their environmental quality. Following the development of researches about the concepts of industrial ecology, eco-industrial parks formed with an ecological approach in order to minimize resource use and conservation of nature. The application requirement of ecosystem principles for designing and planning of these sites have been considered due to the conservation of landscape functions and processes. In this research, eco-industrial parks design focusing on the concepts of industrial ecology and landscape ecology, and also combination of these approaches as a comprehensive approach is considered. In a broader perspective, concept of nurtured landscape is suggested for integration of these two approaches. In this regard, appropriate ecological patterns have been considered through applying the patch–corridor–matrix model, as well as photo montage method for measuring visual preferences in designing eco-industrial parks.

Abstract Carbon monoxide gas is classified as one of the most dangerous gaseous pollutants in the form of air, which causes poisoning and even death of people through absorption in blood oxygen and the formation of COHB The usual ways to measure carbon monoxide pollutant in general and to check the air pollution index are air pollution measuring stations. However, for some places such as hospitals, educational centers, universities, military barracks offices, nursing homes, private homes, etc., carbon monoxide detectors or mobile measuring devices are used. . High costs, high error and lack of access of the general public to this type of measuring devices made the aim of this research to obtain a coefficient with high accuracy to calculate CO error in any place with the least cost, high accuracy and easy access. be placed by even non-experts. In order to find this coefficient, the data of the measurement stations of Mashhad city in a specific time period and simultaneously the data of Sentinel 5 satellite in the same time period were used and we named this coefficient as alpha. By multiplying alpha by the numerical value of the CO gas measured by the satellite, the actual size of the CO gas error will be calculated at any point and place on the earth.

Abstract Urban resilience refers to the capacity of an urban system, over both temporal and spatial scales, to maintain or rapidly return to desired past functionalities in the face of disruptions or changes. Climate change essentially refers to the warming of the Earth's surface caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Urban ecological resilience refers to the capacity of ecological systems within cities to absorb disturbances and maintain necessary and intrinsic feedbacks, processes, and structures. Climate resilience is a subset of urban ecological resilience, denoting a city's potential to address problems arising from sudden weather phenomena and hazards influenced by climate change. Mitigating climate change focuses on five key factors: urban form, construction, artificial environment, urban infrastructure, transportation, and carbon production. Our research aims to contribute to current knowledge and deeper understanding and better identification of climate change and its effects on human life and urban climate quality, utilizing the features of urban green infrastructure, particularly in Tabriz city. We intend to report the effects of climate change and examine the components of resilience using previous studies by evaluating climatic elements. In this study, we employ the Park Cooling Effects method on Land Surface Temperature (LST) using urban green infrastructure. As an example, we sampled from the Bagh-e-Fajr in Tabriz, located in the city center. We have concluded that the presence of green spaces and urban green infrastructure plays a significant role in climate resilience and reducing land surface temperature.

Abstract Mining activities and metal extraction are major factors in soil pollution, and generally surface soils around mines contain high amounts of these metals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ability of lead absorption by Erodium cicutarium plant from lead contaminated soils. After identifying the collected plant samples, the samples were prepared for relevant analysis. Then, the amount of lead element, electrical conductivity, pH was measured and the ability of plant samples to absorb and accumulate lead was investigated by calculating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and displacement factor (TF). According to the results, the total amount of lead in the soil ranges from 377 to 1250 mg-1kg of dry weight. Also, it can be seen that the exchangeable amount of lead elements in the soil ranges from 4 to 15 mg-1kg of dry weight. The average pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.8 to 7.1. Also, the results showed that the highest average amount of lead in Erodium cicutarium plant is 1516 mg-1kg in the roots, 110 mg-1kg in the aerial parts and 637 mg-1kg in the soil. Plants with bioconcentration factor (BCF) greater than one and displacement factor (TF) less than one are suitable for plant stabilization. Investigations showed that the bioconcentration factor in Erodium cicutarium plant is 2.3 and the transfer factor is 0.2. Therefore, according to the results, the plant shows BCF more than one and TF less than one. Therefore, Erodium cicutarium plant is a suitable species for phytoremediation in the form of plant stabilization of lead.