Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract This study investigates the pollution and sources of heavy metals in the soils and sediments of the tailings dam at the Chah-Gonbad copper mine. For this purpose, six sediment samples from the tailings dam and nine soil samples from its surroundings were collected and analyzed. The concentrations of pollutants including barium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium were measured using a four-acid digestion method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the average concentrations of barium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium in the tailings sediments were 585, 22, 3.7, 30.1, and 79.8 mg/kg, respectively, and in the surrounding soils were 244.8, 17, 0.63, 30.6, and 124.7 mg/kg, respectively. In contrast, cobalt was classified into classes 0 and 1, indicating either no pollution or slight pollution. Furthermore, vanadium and nickel were categorized in classes 1 and 2, suggesting slight to moderate pollution of these elements in some parts of the area. The findings of this study revealed that the weathering of parent rocks is the primary source of heavy metal concentrations in the area, but mining activities, particularly in the tailings sediments, have contributed to localized increases in the concentrations of some elements, including vanadium and nickel. These results emphasize the importance of continuous pollution monitoring and environmental management, including sediment stabilization and the use of pollution-reduction methods in the region.

Abstract The current research deals with the issue of existing lack of safety and fire risk assessment in the ‎‎20th district of Tehran (Shahrari) in the area of Fadaiyan Islam Street. Qualitative risk assessment of ‎fire risk with the FRAGM fire risk rating method is in a range of this area. At first, the entire area is ‎divided into two parts, district 4 in the eastern part and district 2 in the western part of Fadaiyan ‎Islam Street, and then based on seven indicators including: type of construction materials, ‎availability of fire sources, fire extinguishing scenario, electrical wiring, Fire history, building ‎density and area accessibility are analyzed and scored. The eastern part is divided into 7 sub-parts ‎and the western part is divided into ten sub-parts. According to the findings of the research, the ‎overall average of the total indicators of the western 1st to the western 10th range is 45.2 with a high ‎evaluation degree, while the total evaluation of the indicators of the eastern 1st to the eastern 7th ‎range is 32.28, which is an upward average evaluation grade. has been The results indicate that the ‎greatest risk of risk is in the eastern part in terms of residential, Orkideh and Razi complex, and in ‎terms of industrial Ebrahimi and Kazemzadeh streets. In the western part of Varamin vegetable oil ‎factory and industrial production workshops in Shahid Ghaibi street, sub-Zohrevand street, the most ‎risks have been assigned to them. Monitoring and inspection of informal workshops and organizing ‎abandoned areas can prevent fire risk reduction.‎

Abstract Monitoring and protecting rangelands and natural resource lands against natural hazards such as wildfires and floods are of paramount importance. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as innovative technologies, provide real-time management of these hazards. In this study, a monitoring system based on LoRaWAN technology was designed and evaluated for rangeland surveillance in remote and difficult-to-access areas of Iran. LoRaWAN was chosen as the optimal solution due to its long communication range, low power consumption, and the ability to establish private networks without the need for complex infrastructure. The proposed system consists of sensors that measure temperature, humidity, and smoke, with the collected data being transmitted to a central gateway. These data are then transferred via LoRa modules to a cloud server. One of the main challenges addressed in this study was energy optimization to extend the battery life of the sensors. To overcome this, smart algorithms were implemented to adjust the data transmission intervals based on environmental and seasonal conditions; for instance, during hot seasons and days with higher wildfire risk, shorter data transmission intervals were set, while in stable conditions, longer intervals were used. Field tests demonstrated that the proposed system was able to maintain stable communication over long distances while efficiently managing energy consumption to ensure reliable data transmission. Furthermore, the real-time data transfer to the cloud enables advanced analysis and timely decision-making. This research shows that LoRaWAN technology, with its easy access to equipment and resilience in harsh environmental conditions, offers an effective and efficient solution for monitoring and protecting rangelands and natural resource lands in Iran.

Abstract In this study, flood hazard zoning within the city of Jiroft and its impact on the Jiroft water supply network were examined. Considering the frequent and intermittent occurrence of floods in this area, this study seems necessary. The required data was obtained from Landsat 8 and Google Earth satellite images, the Alos digital elevation model, and field visits, processed by geographic information system, and converted into maps and information layers. These layers were then evaluated using a multivariate fuzzy decision-making system and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and finally integrated using geographic information system (GIS), the output of which was initially a flood hazard zoning map of the study area. According to the purpose of this research, by combining this output with the soil erodibility layer, vulnerable points of water supply facilities have been extracted and highlighted. The results show that in the event of a flood, many areas will be flooded and waterlogged, causing damage to the water supply system.

Abstract Purpose of present study is to risk assessment of fire and accidents using JSA method in Tehran FireDepartment, which was conducted as a case study in 7th Fire Department.Present research method is applied and descriptive-analytical due to its use in the fire department and interviews with experts.Importance conducting this study is to risk assessment in reducing financial and human losses of firefighters during fires and accidents.Statistical population was 600 experts, 235 from each organizational position according toCochran formula,through a risk assessment worksheet.Sampling method was simple and the sampling size was calculated as 148 people through Krejci and Morgan table.Validity of the questionnaire was approved by 20 experts in the field of safety and firefighting with the CVR index in the form of a Likert spectrum, and its value was calculated as 0.42. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in a test with 20 subjects using SPSS20 software with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. Findings from the risk assessment worksheets showed that risk of work at the operation site is for firefighters (5%), for assistants (28.57%),assistant commanders (29.5%),and commanders (20%).The risk during deployment to missions and station affairs for firefighters (84%), assistant (61.43%), assistant commander (43.2%), and commander (70%).The risk obtained in station affairs was obtained for firefighters (11%),assistant (10%), assistant commander (27.3%), and commander (10%).Results showed that the main reasons for the occurrence of occupational hazards are the large volume of work, carelessness of personnel, type of job and nature of the work of employees, and psychological effects.

Abstract Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing the comprehensive green management plan in Kerman Municipality, one of the key institutions in urban management. Using a mixed-method approach, including qualitative and quantitative analyses, various dimensions of the green management plan were examined, and its effects on the organization’s environmental, economic, and social indicators were analyzed. In the qualitative section, the perspectives of senior managers and experts in urban management and environmental fields were collected. In the quantitative section, the opinions of Kerman Municipality employees were assessed using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) modeling to identify interactions between variables. The results indicate that implementing this plan has led to reduced consumption of energy, water, and paper, as well as improved urban waste management. Measures such as installing online energy consumption monitoring systems, utilizing renewable energy sources like solar panels, and developing waste segregation and recycling infrastructure have had positive effects on reducing operational costs and pollutant emissions. Additionally, environmental culture was fostered through workshops and individual incentives, enhancing employee and citizen participation in the municipality's green initiatives. The developed CLD model in this study, identifying reinforcing and balancing loops such as "environmental education and managerial commitment" and "resource consumption and budget constraints," has been introduced as an effective tool in strategic planning. These models demonstrate how interactions among variables can facilitate achieving sustainable development.