https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/ Journal of Urban Environmental Management en daily 1 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Mon, 22 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_234753.html In the world, great dangers caused by earthquakes cause landfills to rupture A rupture in a sanitary landfill will lead to catastrophic environmental pollution, such as the contamination of the soil and the vast underground water table. Therefore, in this research, it is suggested to use a reinforced gabion wall in the surrounding environment of sanitary landfills. The implementation of this wall leads to a significant reduction in lateral movements of the landfill and finally a significant reduction in the rupture phenomenon in the landfill.Also, the behavior of the retaining wall under dynamic load is a less well-known matter. In this study, using ABAQUS software, a number of finite element modeling has been done on a gabion retaining wall reinforced by geogrid. It has been used to perform parametric studies on the performance of retaining wall with gabion cover and geogrid network under different loads from zero to 120 kPa. Due to the similar mechanical behavior between waste and soil, researchers often use the proposed soil models to model the behavior of waste. The influential behavioral parameters of urban solid waste, equivalent to similar soil parameters including density, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and soil friction angle, are considered as the main variables. According to the obtained results, it was found that the Poisson's ratio parameter of the soil in low overburdens and the soil friction angle in higher overburdens are the factors that lead to more stress changes in the crown of the wall. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_234754.html In today's world, urbanization has become the dominant form of human life, and the high concentration of population, economic activities, environmental pollution, excessive consumption of resources, and production of enormous amount of pollutants in urban areas have caused a severe decline in the quality of habitat in these areas. The metropolis of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, faces numerous environmental problems that have resulted in pressure on natural resources, environmental pollution, and, as a result, a decrease in the quality of habitat for humans and other living beings. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a framework for integrating Habitat quality assessment indicators into sustainable development planning for the city of Tehran. First, by a comprehensive literature review, the initial set of urban quality indicators was identified and later validated by consulting with 16 experts in relevant specializations. Then, these indicators were ranked for Tehran using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Lawshe method using expert opinions. Based on the results, 15 important and key indicators were obtained, the most important of which were the status and availability of water resources, air pollution, water pollution, urban green space, and green and blue infrastructure. Finally, the obtained indicators were classified into 4 main categories, and strategies were presented for integrating habitat quality indicators into Tehran's sustainable development planning. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_234835.html This study aimed to investigate the role of urban spatial vitality in enhancing social resilience, considering the mediating role of risk perception and preparedness in the city of Osku, Iran. Amid growing environmental threats, understanding the interplay between spatial configurations, social dynamics, and psychological readiness has become increasingly critical for resilient urban planning. The research employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included residents aged 18 and above, and a sample of 400 individuals was selected through cluster sampling. To validate the conceptual model, first-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to assess factor loadings of the indicators, while second-order CFA was used to confirm the hierarchical structure of the latent variables. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using AVE, Composite Reliability (CR), and Cronbach's alpha. Path analysis revealed that spatial vitality had a significant direct impact on social resilience (path coefficient = 0.68) and also an indirect effect through the mediating variable of crisis perception and preparedness (coefficient = 0.34), resulting in a total effect of 0.98. Model fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA) indicated an acceptable level of model adequacy. The findings underscore the importance of investing in vibrant public spaces, which not only foster social interaction but also strengthen psychological readiness and community cohesion as key components of urban social resilience. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_234836.html In recent years, Tabriz has faced growing environmental challenges such as air pollution, incompatible land uses, poor waste management, and declining per capita green space, negatively affecting public health and ecological resilience. Institutional fragmentation, weak coordination among agencies, and sectoral policymaking are major barriers to effective environmental management. This study assessed the role of integrated urban management in improving environmental quality through a quantitative survey and structural equation modeling using SmartPLS. Data were purposively collected from 92 managers and experts, and measurement validity and reliability were confirmed. Results revealed that integrated urban management influences environmental quality indirectly through a sequential chain. Path coefficients were: integrated urban management → institutional cohesion (β = 0.48), institutional cohesion → environmental governance (β = 0.52), environmental governance → spatial justice (β = 0.45), and spatial justice → environmental quality (β = 0.50), all significant at p < 0.001. The coefficient of determination (R²) for environmental quality was 0.60, and Q² was 0.31, indicating good predictive power. The overall model fit (GOF = 0.58) confirmed adequacy. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing intersectoral coordination, and adopting spatial justice-oriented planning can significantly improve environmental quality in Tabriz. These findings provide a policy-relevant framework that can guide sustainable urban planning in other metropolitan areas with similar environmental challenges. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_236249.html Sports waste management in Iranian football stadiums has become a major environmental and managerial concern. The increasing volume of waste on match days and the lack of a systematic framework for separation and recycling create substantial economic and social consequences and highlight the need for evidence-based planning. This study examines the management of sport waste recycling in Persian Gulf Pro League football stadiums in Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Anzali and Ahvaz, including Shahid Shahr-e Qods, Yadegar-e Emam, Naghsh-e Jahan, Sirous Ghayeghran and Foolad Arena. A mixed-methods design was adopted. In the qualitative phase, a phenomenological approach was used and semi-structured interviews with experts generated 138 items grouped into eight main dimensions through coding. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire based on these items was administered to 150 participants and the data were analysed using the non-parametric Friedman test. The results showed that the “culture-building and public belief” dimension had the highest mean rank and underscored the central role of cultural attitudes and values in the success of environmental programmes. Smart recycling infrastructure and spectator and volunteer participation followed in importance, whereas inter-organizational collaboration received the lowest score and revealed weak institutional coordination. Overall, the findings indicate that culture-building, infrastructure development and social participation act as key drivers of sustainability, but their full realisation depends on cross-sector collaboration and strategic planning. Nonetheless, the study provides a comprehensive snapshot of the current situation and offers practical pathways for moving Iranian football stadiums from a waste-producing model towards green stadium management. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_237345.html Surface silty sand soils, as a typical category of weak geotechnical materials, present major challenges in road engineering and environmental management due to their low shear strength, high susceptibility to erosion, and strong potential for dust release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of styrene–acrylic copolymer on improving the physical and mechanical properties of these soils. Soil samples were prepared with three additive levels (2.5, 5, and 7.5% by dry weight). Standard Proctor compaction, Atterberg limits, and linear shrinkage tests were performed, followed by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests after 7- and 21-day curing periods. Polymer addition slightly reduced maximum dry density from 1.79 g/cm³ (control) to 1.72–1.77 g/cm³, while optimum moisture content increased from 8% to 8.5–9.6%. The liquid limit increased from 20% to 21–23% and the plastic limit from 12% to 13–14%, with a nearly constant plasticity index (8–9%). After 21 days, UCS values reached 1.18, 1.64, and 2.03 MPa for soils with 2.5, 5, and 7.5% polymer, respectively, compared to 0.79 MPa for the untreated soil. Similarly, CBR values rose from 7.8% (control) to 11.2%, 15%, and 18.5%. Based on these results, the 7.5% dosage after 21 days is recommended as the optimum treatment, providing significant improvements in strength and bearing capacity, while simultaneously mitigating road dust emissions. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of styrene–acrylic polymer as an effective and sustainable solution for stabilizing weak silty sand soils. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_237499.html در دهه‌های اخیر خسارت‌های مالی و جانی ناشی از مخاطره سیل در شهرها افزایش یافته است که نوعی چالش برای برنامه ریزان محیط زیست شهری در برابر مخاطرات محسوب می‌شود. مناطق شهری به دلیل ساختار نفوذناپذیری زمین، تراکم ساختمان‌ها و تاسیسات و زیرساخت‌ها بیشتر در معرض آسیب سیل قرار دارند. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل کیفیت محیط زیست شهری ازمنظر مخاطره سیل در منطقه یک شهر تهران قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش پس از شناسایی شاخص‌های موثر در سیل و کیفیت محیط زیست شهری، نقشه خطرپذیری نواحی منطقه یک تهران بر اساس شاخص های فیزیکی و آسیب‌پذیری و در معرض خطر قرار گرفتن برآورد شد و ضرایب همبستگی و ارتباط زوجی بین پارامترها با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل عاملی با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و Minitab و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد در بین نواحی 10گانه منطقه یک، نواحی 2 ،3، 6 ، 5 و 10 خطرپذیری بالا و ناحیه1،8،4 خطرپذیری پایین را دارا می باشند. تحلیل‌ها برای منطقه 1 تهران میزان همبستگی قوی پوشش گیاهی و شیب و ارتفاع و بافت فرسوده و کاربری مسکونی را با خطرپذیری سیل به ویژه در نواحی 1و 7 و 8 نشان می‌دهد. همچنین افزایش طول راه‌ها و واحدهای خدماتی در نواحی خطرپذیر 3 و 6 به عنوان عامل کاهنده خطرپذیری نشان داده شده است. از این رو انجام چنین مطالعاتی در زمینه شناسایی عوامل خطرپذیری و میزان تاثیر آنها در سایر مناطق شهری برای تعیین الویت اقدامات به منظور کاهش پیامدهای ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی ضروری به نظر میرسد. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_235758.html Considering the global waste crisis and the pivotal role of education in promoting sustainable urban behaviors, identifying and elucidating the components of an urban waste management curriculum appears essential. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify and clarify the components of an urban waste management curriculum. This study is a qualitative inquiry of the synthesis type (meta-aggregation). The main approach of the research was based on an inductive content analysis framework and Sandelowski and Barroso’s seven-stage model, including question formulation, systematic literature review, search and selection of articles, data extraction, analysis and synthesis of findings, quality control, and presentation of results. The study population consisted of all domestic and international studies published between 1995 and 2025, retrieved from reputable databases such as SID, MagIran, CIVILICA, ProQuest, ERIC, Sage, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. After screening and assessing the quality of articles using the CASP tool, 48 high-quality studies were ultimately selected for analysis. The findings indicated that the urban waste management curriculum is based on four main layers: the outer layer (policy and culture), encompassing alignment with laws, regulations, and public culture; the structural layer (management and technology), emphasizing infrastructure, resource management, and innovative technologies; the educational layer (learning and empowerment), focusing on practical skills training, social participation, and enhancing students’ responsibility; and the core layer (specialized knowledge and innovation), addressing specialized processes, management of specific wastes, and innovations based on the circular economy. The results of this study not only provide a layered model for designing an urban waste management curriculum but also offer an operational framework for implementation in schools and educational settings. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_238133.html This research aims to identify the origin and hidden causes affecting the ‎occurrence of fires and accidents in the metropolis of Mashhad. The present ‎research is of a descriptive-analytical type that was conducted using the ‎exploratory factor analysis method. In this research, statistical data on ‎fires and accidents of the Mashhad Fire Department during the years 1395 to ‎‏1403 were used.‏Data related to the causes and origin of fires were categorized into 25 ‎different components and data related to urban accidents were categorized into ‎‏21 components. The adequacy of the sample and the appropriateness of the ‏correlation matrix were confirmed in the fire section with KMO=0.888 and ‎Bartlett's test χ²(300)=2314.183, p<0.001, and in the urban accidents section ‎with KMO=0.816 and Bartlett's test χ²(210)=1000.476, p<0.001. Exploratory ‎factor analysis identified five main factors for the fire category, which ‎together explain 70.75% of the variance. The main factors included heat from ‎electrical distribution network components and electrical problems with ‎electrical appliances (46.96%), carelessness and high-risk human behavior ‎‎(8.13%), ignition of flammable liquids and gases (5.97%), and high-risk daily ‎activities (5.07%).‎In the urban accidents (rescue and rescue) category, five factors were ‎identified, accounting for a total of 74.14% of the variance. The main factors ‎included entrapment in confined spaces, elevators, and entrapment of body ‎parts (39.412%), structural hazards, building debris, and indirect falls ‎‎(14.658%), flooding incidents and water/wastewater infrastructure incidents ‎‎(8.838%), and urban gas incidents and respiratory poisoning (6.074%).‎ https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_242163.html The increasing energy imbalance and widespread power outages have transformed energy supply management in urban spaces into a serious environmental and infrastructural challenge. This research aims to provide a comprehensive technical, economic, and environmental assessment of three key solutions for emergency power supply (including UPS, generator sets, and photovoltaic solar systems) across three different levels of urban household consumption (high, medium, and low). The methodology involved collecting data based on current domestic market prices and real technical information extracted from field sources. The study utilized the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model and Net Present Value (NPV) analysis over a 15-year period, incorporating the effects of inflation and the discount rate, to quantitatively assess all lifecycle costs. Furthermore, the consequences of noise pollution and pollutant gas emissions from generators were considered in the analysis as critical variables affecting urban quality of life and environmental crisis management. The research findings indicated that although, in the high consumption scenario, gasoline generators (Generator Set) are considered the most economical short-term option due to their low initial investment, photovoltaic solar systems, despite their higher upfront cost, offer long-term economic savings in addition to the complete elimination of local pollutants and noise pollution in the urban environment. These findings underscore the necessity of urban policies to encourage and guide the use of clean technologies for energy sustainability in residential areas. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_242164.html Medicinal plant gardens are special ecosystem structures of native and non-native plants. In these gardens, plant conservation and propagation are carried out as genetic reserves, plant science studies and public education of the people, and in addition to ecological value and sustainable development of communities, they are effective in reducing the effects of climate change and improving livability. In this research, part of the lands of Kerman Municipality have been selected to design a medicinal plant garden. The necessity of this research is the need to develop native and medicinal green structures appropriate to ecological conditions and improve biological quality. The purpose of this research is to design a garden for collection (gene bank), ease of access to plants, increase information and public tendency to consume medicinal plants, and create a scientific-research garden with artistic and tourism aspects in accordance with the principles of sustainable landscape design. The innovation of the research is to create an ecological oasis of biodiversity in a dry urban environment using unconventional water resources for sustainable urban planning. Also, the landscape factors of the site and their distribution were examined and by determining the landscape zones, planning and design strategies for each zone were determined and an attempt was made to present a combination of the science of medicinal plants and the art of landscape design by preparing a strategic plan for the medicinal plant garden and designing the site plan. The findings of this research include identifying, determining, and presenting a plan for planting native medicinal plant species, phytoremediation for cleaning and recycling water, and selecting, examining, and placing microspaces in the plan related to the type of medicinal plants. https://jumee.kgut.ac.ir/article_242165.html In the present study, extraction of lithium from salts obtained from brine desalination in Gohar Zamin iron ore mine (Sirjan) was investigated using D2EHPA extractant solvent and kerosene diluent. This laboratory-scale study included 29 sets of experiments using a solvent extraction system. To perform the desired extraction experiments, equal volumes of the aqueous phase (10 ml) were contacted with the organic phase (D2EHPA + kerosene) at a specified concentration and then subjected to stirring in a magnetic stirrer for 30, 45, and 60 minutes at laboratory temperature (23 °C). In this investigation, was utilized form Box-Behnken (response surface design) to optimize and assessment of main variables influence of solvent extraction process such as pH, organic to aqueous phase ratio, stirring time, and D2EHPA percentage on lithium recovery. The linear interference model (2FI vs Linear) was applied as the response for lithium recovery. The accuracy and validity from this model were evaluated using variance analysis (ANOVA). According to the process results, optimal operating conditions for lithium recovery were 69.81% at condition of volume of D2EHPA extractant of 29.2%, pH of 5.6, organic to aqueous phase ratio 3:1, and 52.05 min stirring time. The results illustrated that the stirring time had a smaller effect than the two variables of extractant amount and ratio of O/A. The organic to aqueous phase ratio index O/A was more effective than other parameters on lithium recovery.