Health risk assessment of nitrate pollutant in purified water for recycling in residential settlements

Amini Zade, Kimiya; Baha Addini, Mohsen

doi:10.48306/jumee.2024.440957.1034

Health risk assessment of nitrate pollutant in purified water for recycling in residential settlements

Authors

kimiya Amini zade ¹

Mohsen Baha Addini ²

¹ Department of Energy, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

² Department of Environmental Engineering (Water and Wastewater), Kish international campus, Tehran university, Hormozgan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.48306/jumee.2024.440957.1034

Abstract

Groundwater is one of the sources used for drinking water.Nowdays, the amount of nitrate in most of the industrial effluents is outside the standard limit, and during the purification process, the efficiency of its removal should be carefully considered.Because, the infiltration of indaustrial wastewater into underground water, is unavoidable. In this study, it was conducted with the aim of investigating the health risk of nitrates present in the treatment of underground water extracted in the vicinity of one of the oil facilities located in the city of Tehran for reuse in a residential area. In order to assess the risk of purified water, the amount of nitrate output was sampled once every two weeks for a year and finally 25 samples were analyzed. The average measured nitrate concentration in the samples is equal to 3/63 mg/liter and the maximum measured concentration is equal to 7/134 mg/liter. Nitrate risk assessment method is selected based on EPA standard. The results showed that the level of non-cancerous risk in 84% of the samples for babies was above one (HQ ≥ 1) and consumption of this water can be dangerous for them. As a result, more sensitivity should be considered on the efficiency of nitrate removal in the treatment plant system.

Keywords

Drinking Water

Nitrate

Health Risk Assessment

EPA Standard

Residential Settlement

1.Derakhshan, Z., et al., Biodegradation of atrazine from wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor under nitrate-reducing conditions: A kinetic study. Journal of environmental management, 2018. 212: p. 506-513. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.043.
2. Darvishmotevalli, M., et al., Evaluation of carcinogenic risks related to nitrate exposure in drinking water in Iran. MethodsX, 2019. 6: p. 1716-1727. DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2019.07.008
3. Schullehner, J., et al., Nitrate in drinking water and colorectal cancer, in Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Management of Nitrogen. 2017. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31306 .
4. Golaki, M., et al., Health risk assessment and spatial distribution of nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, and coliform contaminants in drinking water resources of kazerun, Iran. Environmental Research, 2022. 203: p. 111850. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111850.
5. Jones, R.R., et al., Nitrate from drinking water and diet and bladder cancer among postmenopausal women in Iowa. Environmental health perspectives, 2016. 124(11): p. 1751-1758. DOI:10.1289/EHP191.
6. Zhang, Q., et al., Effect of hydrogeological conditions on groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment of nitrate in Jiaokou Irrigation District. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021.
298: p. 126783. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126783 .
7. Parvizishad, M., et al., A review of adverse effects and benefits of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water and food on human health. Health Scope, 2017. 6(3). DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.14164 .
8. EPA, Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (2002, Interim Report), in Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook. 2002.
9. Ward, M.H., et al., Drinking water nitrate and human health: an updated review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. 15(7): p. 1557. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071557 .
10. Kumar, M. and A. Puri, A review of permissible limits of drinking water. Indian journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2012. 16(1): p. 40. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.99696
11. Qasemi, M., et al., Health risk assessments due to nitrate levels in drinking water in villages of Azadshahr, northeastern Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2018. 77(23): p. 1-9. DOI:10.1007/s12665-018-7973-6 .
12. Radfard, M., et al., Data on health risk assessment to the nitrate in drinking water of rural areas in the Khash city, Iran. Data in brief, 2018. 21: p. 1918-1923. DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.007 .
13. Rezaei, H., et al., Health-risk assessment related to the fluoride, nitrate, and nitrite in the drinking water in the Sanandaj, Kurdistan County, Iran. Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal, 2019. 25(5): p. 1242-1250. DOI:10.1080/10807039.2018.1463510 .
14. Azhdarpoor, A., et al., Health risk assessment and spatial distribution of nitrate, nitrite fluoride and coliform contaminants in drinking water resources of kazerun, Iran. Environmental Research, 2022. (203) p. 111850. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111850.
15. Agency, E.-U.S.E.P., IRIS Assessment Plan for Nitrate and Nitrite (Scoping and Problem Formulation Materials, Suspended), N.C.f.E. Assessment, Editor. 2017.
16. Adimalla, N., Spatial distribution, exposure, and potential health risk assessment from nitrate in drinking water from semi-arid region of South India. Human and ecological risk assessment: an international journal, 2020. 26(2): p. 310-334. DOI:10.1080/10807039.2018.1508329 .