Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract In the world, great dangers caused by earthquakes cause landfills to rupture A rupture in a sanitary landfill will lead to catastrophic environmental pollution, such as the contamination of the soil and the vast underground water table. Therefore, in this research, it is suggested to use a reinforced gabion wall in the surrounding environment of sanitary landfills. The implementation of this wall leads to a significant reduction in lateral movements of the landfill and finally a significant reduction in the rupture phenomenon in the landfill.
Also, the behavior of the retaining wall under dynamic load is a less well-known matter. In this study, using ABAQUS software, a number of finite element modeling has been done on a gabion retaining wall reinforced by geogrid. It has been used to perform parametric studies on the performance of retaining wall with gabion cover and geogrid network under different loads from zero to 120 kPa. Due to the similar mechanical behavior between waste and soil, researchers often use the proposed soil models to model the behavior of waste. The influential behavioral parameters of urban solid waste, equivalent to similar soil parameters including density, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and soil friction angle, are considered as the main variables. According to the obtained results, it was found that the Poisson's ratio parameter of the soil in low overburdens and the soil friction angle in higher overburdens are the factors that lead to more stress changes in the crown of the wall.

Abstract In today's world, urbanization has become the dominant form of human life, and the high concentration of population, economic activities, environmental pollution, excessive consumption of resources, and production of enormous amount of pollutants in urban areas have caused a severe decline in the quality of habitat in these areas. The metropolis of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, faces numerous environmental problems that have resulted in pressure on natural resources, environmental pollution, and, as a result, a decrease in the quality of habitat for humans and other living beings. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a framework for integrating Habitat quality assessment indicators into sustainable development planning for the city of Tehran. First, by a comprehensive literature review, the initial set of urban quality indicators was identified and later validated by consulting with 16 experts in relevant specializations. Then, these indicators were ranked for Tehran using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Lawshe method using expert opinions. Based on the results, 15 important and key indicators were obtained, the most important of which were the status and availability of water resources, air pollution, water pollution, urban green space, and green and blue infrastructure. Finally, the obtained indicators were classified into 4 main categories, and strategies were presented for integrating habitat quality indicators into Tehran's sustainable development planning.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of urban spatial vitality in enhancing social resilience, considering the mediating role of risk perception and preparedness in the city of Osku, Iran. Amid growing environmental threats, understanding the interplay between spatial configurations, social dynamics, and psychological readiness has become increasingly critical for resilient urban planning. The research employed a quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included residents aged 18 and above, and a sample of 400 individuals was selected through cluster sampling. To validate the conceptual model, first-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to assess factor loadings of the indicators, while second-order CFA was used to confirm the hierarchical structure of the latent variables. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using AVE, Composite Reliability (CR), and Cronbach's alpha. Path analysis revealed that spatial vitality had a significant direct impact on social resilience (path coefficient = 0.68) and also an indirect effect through the mediating variable of crisis perception and preparedness (coefficient = 0.34), resulting in a total effect of 0.98. Model fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA) indicated an acceptable level of model adequacy. The findings underscore the importance of investing in vibrant public spaces, which not only foster social interaction but also strengthen psychological readiness and community cohesion as key components of urban social resilience.

Abstract In recent years, Tabriz has faced growing environmental challenges such as air pollution, incompatible land uses, poor waste management, and declining per capita green space, negatively affecting public health and ecological resilience. Institutional fragmentation, weak coordination among agencies, and sectoral policymaking are major barriers to effective environmental management. This study assessed the role of integrated urban management in improving environmental quality through a quantitative survey and structural equation modeling using SmartPLS. Data were purposively collected from 92 managers and experts, and measurement validity and reliability were confirmed. Results revealed that integrated urban management influences environmental quality indirectly through a sequential chain. Path coefficients were: integrated urban management → institutional cohesion (β = 0.48), institutional cohesion → environmental governance (β = 0.52), environmental governance → spatial justice (β = 0.45), and spatial justice → environmental quality (β = 0.50), all significant at p < 0.001. The coefficient of determination (R²) for environmental quality was 0.60, and Q² was 0.31, indicating good predictive power. The overall model fit (GOF = 0.58) confirmed adequacy. Strengthening institutional capacity, enhancing intersectoral coordination, and adopting spatial justice-oriented planning can significantly improve environmental quality in Tabriz. These findings provide a policy-relevant framework that can guide sustainable urban planning in other metropolitan areas with similar environmental challenges.

Abstract Sports waste management in Iranian football stadiums has become a major environmental and managerial concern. The increasing volume of waste on match days and the lack of a systematic framework for separation and recycling create substantial economic and social consequences and highlight the need for evidence-based planning. This study examines the management of sport waste recycling in Persian Gulf Pro League football stadiums in Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Anzali and Ahvaz, including Shahid Shahr-e Qods, Yadegar-e Emam, Naghsh-e Jahan, Sirous Ghayeghran and Foolad Arena. A mixed-methods design was adopted. In the qualitative phase, a phenomenological approach was used and semi-structured interviews with experts generated 138 items grouped into eight main dimensions through coding. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire based on these items was administered to 150 participants and the data were analysed using the non-parametric Friedman test. The results showed that the “culture-building and public belief” dimension had the highest mean rank and underscored the central role of cultural attitudes and values in the success of environmental programmes. Smart recycling infrastructure and spectator and volunteer participation followed in importance, whereas inter-organizational collaboration received the lowest score and revealed weak institutional coordination. Overall, the findings indicate that culture-building, infrastructure development and social participation act as key drivers of sustainability, but their full realisation depends on cross-sector collaboration and strategic planning. Nonetheless, the study provides a comprehensive snapshot of the current situation and offers practical pathways for moving Iranian football stadiums from a waste-producing model towards green stadium management.

Abstract Surface silty sand soils, as a typical category of weak geotechnical materials, present major challenges in road engineering and environmental management due to their low shear strength, high susceptibility to erosion, and strong potential for dust release. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of styrene–acrylic copolymer on improving the physical and mechanical properties of these soils. Soil samples were prepared with three additive levels (2.5, 5, and 7.5% by dry weight). Standard Proctor compaction, Atterberg limits, and linear shrinkage tests were performed, followed by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests after 7- and 21-day curing periods. Polymer addition slightly reduced maximum dry density from 1.79 g/cm³ (control) to 1.72–1.77 g/cm³, while optimum moisture content increased from 8% to 8.5–9.6%. The liquid limit increased from 20% to 21–23% and the plastic limit from 12% to 13–14%, with a nearly constant plasticity index (8–9%). After 21 days, UCS values reached 1.18, 1.64, and 2.03 MPa for soils with 2.5, 5, and 7.5% polymer, respectively, compared to 0.79 MPa for the untreated soil. Similarly, CBR values rose from 7.8% (control) to 11.2%, 15%, and 18.5%. Based on these results, the 7.5% dosage after 21 days is recommended as the optimum treatment, providing significant improvements in strength and bearing capacity, while simultaneously mitigating road dust emissions. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of styrene–acrylic polymer as an effective and sustainable solution for stabilizing weak silty sand soils.

Abstract در دهه‌های اخیر خسارت‌های مالی و جانی ناشی از مخاطره سیل در شهرها افزایش یافته است که نوعی چالش برای برنامه ریزان محیط زیست شهری در برابر مخاطرات محسوب می‌شود. مناطق شهری به دلیل ساختار نفوذناپذیری زمین، تراکم ساختمان‌ها و تاسیسات و زیرساخت‌ها بیشتر در معرض آسیب سیل قرار دارند. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل کیفیت محیط زیست شهری ازمنظر مخاطره سیل در منطقه یک شهر تهران قرار گرفت. در این پژوهش پس از شناسایی شاخص‌های موثر در سیل و کیفیت محیط زیست شهری، نقشه خطرپذیری نواحی منطقه یک تهران بر اساس شاخص های فیزیکی و آسیب‌پذیری و در معرض خطر قرار گرفتن برآورد شد و ضرایب همبستگی و ارتباط زوجی بین پارامترها با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل عاملی با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و Minitab و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد در بین نواحی 10گانه منطقه یک، نواحی 2 ،3، 6 ، 5 و 10 خطرپذیری بالا و ناحیه1،8،4 خطرپذیری پایین را دارا می باشند. تحلیل‌ها برای منطقه 1 تهران میزان همبستگی قوی پوشش گیاهی و شیب و ارتفاع و بافت فرسوده و کاربری مسکونی را با خطرپذیری سیل به ویژه در نواحی 1و 7 و 8 نشان می‌دهد. همچنین افزایش طول راه‌ها و واحدهای خدماتی در نواحی خطرپذیر 3 و 6 به عنوان عامل کاهنده خطرپذیری نشان داده شده است. از این رو انجام چنین مطالعاتی در زمینه شناسایی عوامل خطرپذیری و میزان تاثیر آنها در سایر مناطق شهری برای تعیین الویت اقدامات به منظور کاهش پیامدهای ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی ضروری به نظر میرسد.

Abstract Considering the global waste crisis and the pivotal role of education in promoting sustainable urban behaviors, identifying and elucidating the components of an urban waste management curriculum appears essential. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify and clarify the components of an urban waste management curriculum. This study is a qualitative inquiry of the synthesis type (meta-aggregation). The main approach of the research was based on an inductive content analysis framework and Sandelowski and Barroso’s seven-stage model, including question formulation, systematic literature review, search and selection of articles, data extraction, analysis and synthesis of findings, quality control, and presentation of results. The study population consisted of all domestic and international studies published between 1995 and 2025, retrieved from reputable databases such as SID, MagIran, CIVILICA, ProQuest, ERIC, Sage, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. After screening and assessing the quality of articles using the CASP tool, 48 high-quality studies were ultimately selected for analysis. The findings indicated that the urban waste management curriculum is based on four main layers: the outer layer (policy and culture), encompassing alignment with laws, regulations, and public culture; the structural layer (management and technology), emphasizing infrastructure, resource management, and innovative technologies; the educational layer (learning and empowerment), focusing on practical skills training, social participation, and enhancing students’ responsibility; and the core layer (specialized knowledge and innovation), addressing specialized processes, management of specific wastes, and innovations based on the circular economy. The results of this study not only provide a layered model for designing an urban waste management curriculum but also offer an operational framework for implementation in schools and educational settings.