Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract With the spread of the corona virus, smart cities were able to face and deal with the spread of this disease by using various types of digital technologies while providing the necessary services to citizens, by monitoring social distancing and home quarantine. In the meantime, the role of technology and the development of smart cities according to the crisis of infectious diseases became very important and the attention of governments and societies are attracted. The type of policy making and planning in the development of a smart city is different according to the local and regional conditions of each city, and it is an opportunity for municipalities to make changes in accordance with the goals of urban management and compatible with the needs of people and technological institutions. In this study, the main indicators that influence the policy of smart city development programs in order to manage and control the pandemic of infectious diseases, are collected and examined for Tehran Municipality. For this purpose, 25 different indicators were proposed and used for pairwise comparison of 3 main scenarios based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In total, the opinions of 20 experts in urban management in Tehran's 16th district municipality were used. According to the results, the second proposed scenario was chosen as the best option with a final score of 0.423. The effect of each criterion on each scenario was analyzed. Also, at the end, solutions for the development of smart city in Tehran are presented based on the results and suggested scenario.

Abstract Using waste as a source of energy production is one of the appropriate solutions for the sustainable development of urban waste management. Biomass sources are superior to other renewable sources because they are easily converted into solid fuels, liquids and useful gases. One of these resources, which has caused a great deal of concern in large cities today, is municipal waste, which is one of the main policies of the relevant organizations in determining the best solution for its management. One of the most important solutions that can be introduced in this direction is the use of technologies that can convert a large part of waste into very valuable biofuels that are a good alternative to fossil fuels. There are various types of these technologies, including incinerators, anaerobic digestion, SRF fuels, and pyrolysis. In this project, the main purpose is to study the use of municipal waste according to the concept of zero waste (Zero Waste) and to know the exact types of technologies for the conversion of municipal waste into biofuels. The analysis method used in this research is AHP method. The result of hierarchical analysis shows that the SRF fuel technology method and use in the cement plant furnace for organic waste management is the first priority in Kerman. The result of hierarchical method analysis using Expert Choice software was also confirmed.

Abstract Occupational incidents in the oil industry have difficulties and problems in the various phases of construction and operation. In this research, we tried to investigate the effect of oil industry risk in phase construction in one of the largest oilfields in the country, Yadavaran field in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, the FMEA model has been used that is typically used to assess the risk of occupational accidents. According to surveys, interviews and statistics, 47 job incidents were identified during the construction phase of this oil field and the details were collected. According to the obtained results, the value of the risk priority value is obtained by an average of 212. Also, based on the type of events classified, several corrections’ suggestions were proposed, which is expected to decreased the RPN to 133.2 which shows a reduction of 37% of the risk priority number. Although changes have been made in the form of low-cost, continuous and periodic suggestions that showed the positive impact of the reform in this area.

Abstract In this research, the technical, economic and environmental feasibility for three different scenarios, including the combined system of waste incinerator/steam power plant/solar photovoltaic power plant in waste separation mode, the combined system of waste incinerator/steam power plant/solar photovoltaic power plant in the state without waste separation and the combined digester/steam power plant/solar power plant system has been investigated for the city of Kerman. Also, the effect of changing different parameters on their technical, economic and environmental performance has been studied. The results showed that the highest return on capital and cost of electricity production is 12 years and 1.17 dollars per kilowatt respectively for the combined waste incinerator system with segregation. The mentioned values ​​were equal to 8 years and 0.78 dollars per kilowatt and 7.8 years and 0.77 dollars per kilowatt for combined systems without separation/solar and solar digester, respectively. An increase in the initial cost of solar panels by 45% causes an increase in the price of electricity and the period of return on investment by 26%, 20% and 35%. It was digested in mixed systems with separation, without separation and digestion. Also, the increase in the initial cost of the waste incinerator by 90% caused an increase in the price of electricity and the investment return period of combined systems with separation and without separation by 37% and 39%.

Abstract In this article, the security challenges of Tehran's Grand Bazaar have been investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical research and in terms of purpose, this research is applied-developmental. Analytical Network Process (ANP) was used to weight the indicators studied in the research. Based on the table of verbal and numerical scales based on the hourly method, a pairwise comparison between criteria and indicators was performed based on importance and preference, and the data was extracted and analyzed using Super-Decision software. The extracted criteria were done by polling experts and completing the questionnaire, which includes 14 main criteria and a total of 45 sub-criteria. According to the obtained results, the criteria of physical problems, dilapidation of buildings, greenhouses, cells and corridors were ranked as the 1^st factors causing accidents, and after that, the state of the disordered electricity network and the lack of fire stations in the market were given the most weight. Also, the last extracted criterion is unsafe unloading and loading by workers and employers, which obtained a better situation than other indicators. At the end, suggestions for improving the safety situation of Tehran Grand Bazaar in 3 short, medium and long term categories have been presented.

Abstract Various pollutants such as dyes following the arrival to ecosystems lead to serious global environmental pollution. Due to global strict regulations, it is obligatory to treat the wastewaters before being discharged into the environment. One of the common, reliable and useful techniques employed for removal of synthetic dyes from industrial effluents is an adsorption process. In this study, the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) was carried out from aqueous solution PCN-224/Sepiolite composite obtained from meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) with different experimental conditions was investigated. The composition and structure of compounds were characterized by FESEM and XRD methods. The effect of various variables including dye concentration, adsorbent amount and contact time was investigated by batch method. Equilibrium data were evaluated using Langmuir, Friendlich and Tamkin isotherms. The Langmuir model best describes the CV dye adsorption, which shows that the CV dye adsorption on PCN-224/Sepiolite composite is monolayer and homogeneous. The maximum adsorption capacity under optimal conditions (adsorbent: 0.02 g, contact time: 120 min, temperature: 25°C) was 38.17 mg g^-1. Kinetic data were analyzed using first-order and second-order equations. The quasi-second-order model showed the best fit for the synthetic studies (R²=0.9985), which indicates that CV adsorption is limited by the chemical adsorption process. Overall, the results show that PCN-224/Sepiolite composite can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the treatment of colored effluents.