Tehran Province has experienced increasing pressure on its environmental resources and infrastructure in recent decades due to the concentration of economic activities and intensive migration flows. These developments have intensified spatial inequalities in access to environmental services among the counties of the province. Therefore, spatial analysis of the environmental conditions of the counties is essential for identifying these inequalities. In this study, statistical data on 12 variables grouped into three environmental indicators were collected and weighted using the Shannon Entropy method. Subsequently, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed to integrate the variables and rank the counties. The counties were then classified into four categories—sustainable, semi-sustainable, vulnerable, and critical—using an absolute classification approach. The results revealed that none of the counties achieved a sustainable status, while only Firuzkuh and Shemiranat were classified as semi-sustainable. In contrast, the counties of Pishva, Tehran, Pardis, Robat Karim, Damavand, and Varamin were identified as vulnerable, whereas Qods, Baharestan, Eslamshahr, Ray, Malard, Qarchak, Shahriar, and Pakdasht were classified as critical. These findings indicate an uneven distribution of environmental livability-related facilities and services across the province and reveal a pronounced spatial disparity between the northern counties and those located in the southern, western, and southwestern parts of Tehran Province. Overall, the results demonstrate that environmental livability in Tehran Province follows an imbalanced spatial distribution pattern. Accordingly, the strategies proposed in this study are aimed at reducing spatial inequalities and promoting progress toward sustainable development across the province.