Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract In this research, the analysis of the technical views of experts and the management of construction projects in Tehran Municipality regarding the assessment of the risk of work accidents in the development, construction, and operation stages of construction projects, using the FMEA analytical approach in two fuzzy and non-fuzzy dimensions (CRISP) with twelve The index in the construction stage and six indicators in the operation stage were carefully evaluated and measured. Risks caused by the collapse of nearby buildings on workers, the collapse of buildings in demolition and reconstruction projects, which are mainly related to non-standard demolition operations, as well as the fall of people due to welding operations and falling from scaffolds, lifts, and cranes, as the most dangerous and most frequent occupational accidents in the industry. The buildings of this area were identified. Based on the analytical findings of this model, the average risk of occupational accidents in the construction industry reached 346 in the construction phase and 97 in the operation phase. The fuzzy equivalent values for risk prioritization in the construction and operation stages showed 355 and 129 numbers on average, respectively. Following the implementation of the correction suggestions, the risk values obtained for the construction phase in the non-fuzzy mode were reduced to 247 and in the fuzzy mode to 255. In contrast, the exploitation phase was reduced to 58 in the non-fuzzy mode and 84 in the fuzzy mode.

Abstract The produced construction debris is always one of the crises after the earthquake in order to properly manage and dispose. According to global experiences, recycling construction debris caused by earthquakes is much more economical and environmentally friendly than using new materials. In this study, considering the city of Tehran, it has been tried to investigate possible scenarios for the recycling of construction waste produced based on decision-making and comparison criteria. In this regard, the TOPSIS decision-making model was used. Four scenarios were evaluated based on 10 review criteria according to experts. Also, using ArcGIS software, the potential distribution of construction waste production based on the urban population layer with the scale of localities has been determined and presented. According to the results of the scores that were collected, the most suitable model for the management of construction waste with the material recycling approach can be proposed. It is proposed to establish a site with a fixed location for the establishment of shredders, industrial mills, as well as special conveyor systems for the management of mineral recycling depots. Also, the other main unit of this complex, the metal material recovery unit, should also be located on the same site. According to the obtained results, recycling systems with fixed installation using sewage transfer to the site have been proposed for use in crisis conditions in Tehran.

Abstract Due to the increasing importance of providing security services and measures to prevent and deal with fire incidents and crisis management in cities, fire stations are very important. Undoubtedly, the timely service of fire stations, more than anything else, along with the need to establish them in suitable places in urban environments, requires having the necessary capabilities and equipment to respond to the needs of citizens. Greater Tehran, with a population of more than eight million people, is the largest city in the country, due to the parallel expansion, and also the increase in population, has increased the grounds of fire in the city. The current research is important because its audience is all managers, and fire chiefs and it can be used to investigate management systems and accident command. The research method in this research is the hierarchical analysis process, where the indicators are compared and scored one by one, and the priority between them is determined. Based on the analysis conducted in this research, the operational forces stationed in the fire stations and operational vehicles are not proportional to the capacity of the region, and the firefighting equipment of these stations will not be sufficient for the region during the fires after the earthquake, and this is one of the negative points of the study area that during the earthquake Fire control is almost impossible and we will face a serious crisis.

Abstract The requirement to reduce production from the source of urban waste is to increase the participation of citizens. The method of educating citizens should be comprehensive and have a high penetration rate at the level of society as well as be economical. Distance education methods as one of the citizenship education methods can be taken into consideration by municipalities to promote the culture of waste reduction. In this study, an attempt is made to select the most appropriate and efficient distance education method for the use of Tehran municipality. In this regard, Khan's conceptual model has been used along with the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. In this study, 100 questionnaires of paired comparisons, which were randomly collected from the 16th district of Tehran municipality, were used. The results of the prioritization model show the use and development of mobile educational applications as the most preferred option. Based on the interviews conducted with the citizens of District 16 of Tehran municipality, the strengths and reasons for choosing this option have been explained. In order to compare different types of remote education methods, 25 criteria in 8 proposed categories were used in the form of Khan's conceptual model, which was able to integrate the concepts and basis of a standard and successful remote education system in the fuzzy decision model.

Abstract The location of city service units such as fire stations in urban areas is always one of the issues of municipalities that should be investigated and determined very carefully. The effectiveness of service quality and efficiency of fire stations is highly dependent on their proper location. Therefore, in this study, an attempt is made to determine the appropriate place to use for the establishment of a fire station by examining location information in district 16 of Tehran municipality (Nazi Abad district). For this purpose, 8 indicators affecting the location of the station were determined. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was used in order to prioritize them and determine the weight of their effect. Then spatial information of each of the indicators for the studied area were prepared in ARCGIS and discussed. Finally, by combining the maps, suitable places to establish a fire station with maximum efficiency were determined. According to the results, the southern strip and a part of the northern area of the investigated area are completely suitable for building a fire station. There is no possibility to build a fire station in the northwest and west side of the area due to its usage. Also, the eastern and northeastern sides have a similar situation.

Abstract With the spread of the corona virus, smart cities were able to face and deal with the spread of this disease by using various types of digital technologies while providing the necessary services to citizens, by monitoring social distancing and home quarantine. In the meantime, the role of technology and the development of smart cities according to the crisis of infectious diseases became very important and the attention of governments and societies are attracted. The type of policy making and planning in the development of a smart city is different according to the local and regional conditions of each city, and it is an opportunity for municipalities to make changes in accordance with the goals of urban management and compatible with the needs of people and technological institutions. In this study, the main indicators that influence the policy of smart city development programs in order to manage and control the pandemic of infectious diseases, are collected and examined for Tehran Municipality. For this purpose, 25 different indicators were proposed and used for pairwise comparison of 3 main scenarios based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In total, the opinions of 20 experts in urban management in Tehran's 16th district municipality were used. According to the results, the second proposed scenario was chosen as the best option with a final score of 0.423. The effect of each criterion on each scenario was analyzed. Also, at the end, solutions for the development of smart city in Tehran are presented based on the results and suggested scenario.

Abstract In this research, the technical, economic and environmental feasibility for three different scenarios, including the combined system of waste incinerator/steam power plant/solar photovoltaic power plant in waste separation mode, the combined system of waste incinerator/steam power plant/solar photovoltaic power plant in the state without waste separation and the combined digester/steam power plant/solar power plant system has been investigated for the city of Kerman. Also, the effect of changing different parameters on their technical, economic and environmental performance has been studied. The results showed that the highest return on capital and cost of electricity production is 12 years and 1.17 dollars per kilowatt respectively for the combined waste incinerator system with segregation. The mentioned values ​​were equal to 8 years and 0.78 dollars per kilowatt and 7.8 years and 0.77 dollars per kilowatt for combined systems without separation/solar and solar digester, respectively. An increase in the initial cost of solar panels by 45% causes an increase in the price of electricity and the period of return on investment by 26%, 20% and 35%. It was digested in mixed systems with separation, without separation and digestion. Also, the increase in the initial cost of the waste incinerator by 90% caused an increase in the price of electricity and the investment return period of combined systems with separation and without separation by 37% and 39%.