Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract Landfill management in arid Iran requires precise site selection due to environmental fragility and agricultural dependence. Chatroud's current landfill has become a pollution hub, provoking social conflicts by neglecting environmental criteria. This study provides an operational framework differentiating and integrating constraint and suitability criteria from national guidelines, tailored to local conditions. Using MCDM, weighted overlaying, and viewshed analysis, unsuitable areas were first excluded based on ecological-social constraints (e.g., buffers for water resources and settlements). Remaining lands were then weighted and evaluated by the suitability degree of other key criteria. Among five candidate sites, Site 2 is optimal due to safe aquifer distance, appropriate city distance, reduced future social conflicts (from wind alignment dispersing pollutants away from settlements, and highly limited viewshed from topographic confinement). The key lesson is implementing "closure and rehabilitation" of the current site while establishing the new site with comprehensive monitoring and sustainable social participation to manage future conflicts. Differentiating constraints from suitability ensures technical compliance with national guidelines and enables project implementation success and local acceptance—generalizable to other arid regions of Iran.

Abstract The integration of advanced technologies, such as smart automation systems and the Internet of Things (IoT), has revolutionized modern greenhouses by enhancing product quality, precise plant growth control, disease and pest reduction, chemical and toxin minimization, waste reduction, and overall operational efficiency. This study focuses on the development of a wireless configuration to transform conventional greenhouses into smart ones with minimal expenses and modifications. The proposed system employs a comprehensive range of sensors to monitor crucial environmental parameters, including temperature, air humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and CO2 concentration. WiFi and ZigBee protocols are evaluated to establish seamless communication between these sensors and the central monitoring station. WiFi protocol is deemed cost-effective in greenhouses where no interference occurs within the 2.4 GHz frequency range. However, in cases where frequency interference is present, utilizing ZigBee modules operating at sub-one gigahertz frequency (900 MHz) or using the WiFi in the 5 GHz band is recommended. This wireless configuration minimizes installation and setup time and costs and enables remote monitoring and control of greenhouse conditions, empowering users with real-time access to intelligent control system information anytime and anywhere. The proposed solution contributes to the advancement of smart greenhouse automation, offering an economical and efficient approach for the widespread adoption of intelligent systems in the agricultural sector.