Journal of Urban Environmental Management

Abstract In this research, the analysis of the technical views of experts and the management of construction projects in Tehran Municipality regarding the assessment of the risk of work accidents in the development, construction, and operation stages of construction projects, using the FMEA analytical approach in two fuzzy and non-fuzzy dimensions (CRISP) with twelve The index in the construction stage and six indicators in the operation stage were carefully evaluated and measured. Risks caused by the collapse of nearby buildings on workers, the collapse of buildings in demolition and reconstruction projects, which are mainly related to non-standard demolition operations, as well as the fall of people due to welding operations and falling from scaffolds, lifts, and cranes, as the most dangerous and most frequent occupational accidents in the industry. The buildings of this area were identified. Based on the analytical findings of this model, the average risk of occupational accidents in the construction industry reached 346 in the construction phase and 97 in the operation phase. The fuzzy equivalent values for risk prioritization in the construction and operation stages showed 355 and 129 numbers on average, respectively. Following the implementation of the correction suggestions, the risk values obtained for the construction phase in the non-fuzzy mode were reduced to 247 and in the fuzzy mode to 255. In contrast, the exploitation phase was reduced to 58 in the non-fuzzy mode and 84 in the fuzzy mode.

Abstract Due to the increasing importance of providing security services and measures to prevent and deal with fire incidents and crisis management in cities, fire stations are very important. Undoubtedly, the timely service of fire stations, more than anything else, along with the need to establish them in suitable places in urban environments, requires having the necessary capabilities and equipment to respond to the needs of citizens. Greater Tehran, with a population of more than eight million people, is the largest city in the country, due to the parallel expansion, and also the increase in population, has increased the grounds of fire in the city. The current research is important because its audience is all managers, and fire chiefs and it can be used to investigate management systems and accident command. The research method in this research is the hierarchical analysis process, where the indicators are compared and scored one by one, and the priority between them is determined. Based on the analysis conducted in this research, the operational forces stationed in the fire stations and operational vehicles are not proportional to the capacity of the region, and the firefighting equipment of these stations will not be sufficient for the region during the fires after the earthquake, and this is one of the negative points of the study area that during the earthquake Fire control is almost impossible and we will face a serious crisis.

Abstract In this article, the security challenges of Tehran's Grand Bazaar have been investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical research and in terms of purpose, this research is applied-developmental. Analytical Network Process (ANP) was used to weight the indicators studied in the research. Based on the table of verbal and numerical scales based on the hourly method, a pairwise comparison between criteria and indicators was performed based on importance and preference, and the data was extracted and analyzed using Super-Decision software. The extracted criteria were done by polling experts and completing the questionnaire, which includes 14 main criteria and a total of 45 sub-criteria. According to the obtained results, the criteria of physical problems, dilapidation of buildings, greenhouses, cells and corridors were ranked as the 1^st factors causing accidents, and after that, the state of the disordered electricity network and the lack of fire stations in the market were given the most weight. Also, the last extracted criterion is unsafe unloading and loading by workers and employers, which obtained a better situation than other indicators. At the end, suggestions for improving the safety situation of Tehran Grand Bazaar in 3 short, medium and long term categories have been presented.